Senin, 21 November 2016
Reported
speech or indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’sword.
Not all of the exact word are used: verb forms and pronouns may change. Quotation
marks are not used. Different from reported speech, there is also quoted
speech or direct speech. It refers to
reproducing another person’s exact words. Quotation marks are used.
HOW TO CHANGE QUOTED
SPEECH INTO REPORTED SPEECH?
Time References
Not only change the form and tenses,
we also have to change the form of time:
|
QUOTED SPEECH
|
REPORTED SPEECH
|
|
Today/now
|
Then
|
|
Tomorrow
|
The next day/ the following day
|
|
Next week
|
The following week
|
|
Yesterday
|
The day before/ the previous day
|
|
Last week
|
The previous week/ a week before
|
|
2 days ago
|
2 days before
|
|
This
|
That
|
|
That
|
This
|
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These
|
Those
|
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Those
|
These
|
|
Here
|
There
|
Rules Based on
Tenses
|
QUOTED SPEECH
|
REPORTED
SPEECH
|
|
Simple Present (S+V1)
Example:
Tom said, “I work hard”
|
Simple Past (S+V2)
Example:
Tom said that he worked hard
|
|
Present Continous (S+is/am/are+Ving)
Example:
Tom said, “I am working hard”
|
Past Continous (S+was/were+Ving)
Example:
Tom said that he was working hard
|
|
Present Perfect (S+have/has+V3)
Example:
Tom said, “I have worked hard”
|
Past Perfect (S+had+V3)
Example:
Tom said that he had worked hard
|
|
Future (S+will+V1)
Example:
Tom said, “I will work hard”
|
Past Future (S+would+V1)
Example:
Tom said that he would work hard
|
|
Modal (can, may, have to, must, should, ought to)
Example:
Tom said, “I can work hard”
|
Modal (could, might, had to, had to, should, ought to)
Example:
Tom said that he could work hard
|
|
Simple Past (S+V2)
Example:
Tom said, “I worked hard”
|
Past Perfect (S+had+V3)
Example:
Tom said that he had worked hard
|
We can also change many sentences
like question, statement, and imperative. But, if we wanna change question into
statement, we have to add the word “if” or “whether” for yes/no question.
For example:
He asked me, “do
you know my name?” --> He asked me if I knew his name.
He asked me, “where
do you live?” --> He asked me where I lived.
And for the imperative sentence, we
have to add the word “to”.
For example:
He told me, “don’t
open the door!” --> He told me not to open this door.
He told me, “open
the door!” --> He told me to open this door.
Now let’s do
the exercise below to test your skill!
1. Sally said, “I am sleepy.”
2. Kate said, “where is your apartment”
3. Chris said, “I will cancel my
dorm contract at the end of the semester.”
4. He said, “is that okay?”
5. Eric said, “I’m looking forward
to having you as a roommate.”
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